Drawing from the salient seasonality literature and the experiences of the coldwater island cases in this text, this chapter examines extreme seasonality in tourism with a view to determining if seasonality should be embraced accepted or challenged overcome at these locations. Seasonal employment, seasonal unemployment and unemployment compensation. The economist intelligence unit limited, spencer house, 27 st. First, significant issues regarding seasonality in tourism were identified. Pdf measuring the seasonality in tourism with the comparison of. Seasonality presents a number of issues that require special attention and strategies. Seasonality in tourism a guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making.
Seasonality in tourisma guide to the analyisis of seasonality and trends for. Seasonality of hotel demand in the main spanish provinces. Impact of holiday business seasonality on european hrm. Baron 1975 makes a distinction between natural mainly weather and institutional factors cultural and social.
Measurements and decomposition exercises, tourism management on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Being ubiquitous, all tourism enterprises and regions are impacted by seasonality whether severely or mildly. Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this topic is still currently being tackled over decades by several authors, as well as by policy. The economist intellegenceunit ltd, technical series no. Seasonality in turkish tourism is evident as can be seen from fig. Baron 1975 carried out the first comprehensive survey of seasonality in tourism. In particular, seasonality affects the number of tourists to a region and therefore can threaten the viability of businesses in a region. Butler 1994 suggests that social pressure or fashion, the sporting season, and traditioninertia are significant additional causes of seasonality. Since then, a large number of articles, reports and case studies have been published dealing with various aspects of seasonality in tourism koeniglewis and bischoff, 2005, 201. Butler 1994 suggests that social pressure or fashion, the sporting season, and traditioninertia are significant additional causes of seasonality in his article on. Seasonality and tourism seasonality generally indicates the phenomenon of fluctuations of demand or supply in the tourism industry due to factors such as weather conditions and public and school holidays baron, 1972. Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this topic is still currently being tackled over decades by. Seasonality is a welldocumented issue in the academic literature.
Seasonal variation in demand is a reality for most tourism destinations. Economist intelligence unit, 1975 tourism 91 pages. Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this topic is still currently being tackled over decades by several authors, as well as by policy makers of the tourism sector. The lowest seasonality was found in ireland where this ratio was only 1.
Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this topic is still. A guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making eiu technical series. Impact of tourism seasonality on hrm in hotels tourism essay. When figures on tourist numbers visiting turkey over the years are analysed it is seen that turkeys tourism activity is highly seasonal and sun and sea tourism plays a significant role in turkish tourism. Baron economist intelligence unit, 1975 tourism 91 pages. There are a wide range of studies analysing the causes of tourism seasonality. The seasonality of tourism demand across european countries will be analyzed and clusters of countries identified, which are. Seasonality in irish tourism, 19731995 elizabeth kennedy and james deegan 51 5. Classification of tourist season in costal tourism. Most of the subsequent works have either followed or delved into some. Furthermore, baron 1975 defined seasonality as the effects occurring every year due. Most of the subsequent works have either followed or delved into some elements of this categorisation allcock, 1994.
The phenomenon, its causes and impact on finish parts have been widely researched within the academic literature and frequently seasonality is perceived as a job for the industry. An analysis of seasonality in monthly per person tourist. After the introductory part, there is a section that gives a brief overview on main reasons for seasonality in tourism flows, underlining. Abstract seasonality in tourism represents a key topic in academic literature. Measuring seasonality of tourism demand in petra, jordan 2006. The seasonality in tourism refers to the variation in demand or business activity, as well as fluctuation in. Seasonality of a destination brings more tourists essay. Seasonality in three mediterranean destinations in general, the spanish tourism product is based on sun and sea, so the industry is seriously affected by seasonality. Seasonality in tourism seasonality in tourism pike, steve 20030601 00. Seasonality in tourism national library of australia. Baron 1975 and koeniglewis and bischoff 2005 have made significant contributions to the.
A guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making eiu technical series baron, raphael raymond v on. Although, measuring the seasonality and forecasting the seasonal tourist demand. When taking into account the duration nights spent rather than the number of trips, seasonality was more pronounced. Baron s work 1975, which identifies the basic components of seasonality and the importance of cyclicality in the creation of demand for tourism services, is the foundation for the study of the nature of seasonality in tourism. Seasonality in tourism demand statistics explained. Seasonal concentration of the international hotel demand in. Seasonality of tourism is an uncontrolled situation allcock 1989, and its. Propositions for examining the seasonality construct in. Yacoumis presented a comprehensive and interesting case study of seasonality in sri. Author links open overlay panel soocheong shawn jang. The case of the tourism industry of the greek islands. According to one of the pioneer authors in the tourism seasonality sphere baron 1975 seasonality is argued to be one of the main issues of sustainable and efficient tourism. In general, seasonality is regarded and treated as a major problem in tourism, representing lost potential to most operators in the tourism field baron 1975.
Pdf almatourism journal of tourism, culture and territorial. Their degree among tourism businesses at this destination was quite high, and almost twothirds of all revenue generated by the firms came during the summer months. A guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making. Social and economic factors are mentioned by baron 1975 and butler and mao 1994. In allcock 1989 view, who defined tourism seasonality as the tendency of tourist flows to become concentrated into relatively short periods of the year, the most significant aspect of seasonality is that it involves the concentration of tourist flows in relatively short periods of the year. Furthermore, baron 1975 mentioned that climate, festivals and school vacations affect recreational tourism. This this phase resulted in a classification framework for strategies to address. Segmenting potential naturebased 201x, vol xxx 115.
If the marland mansions lavishly decorated walls could talk, they would tell visitors of an unconventional family that stirred up drama in the small town of ponca city. Seasonality in tourism a guide to the analyisis of seasonality and trends for policy making, london. A guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making raphael raymond v. Warnhill is a lecturer in economics and tourism, department of hotel, catering and tourism management, university of surrey, guildford, surrey, gu2 5xh, uk. Baron 1975, who analyzed the seasonal patterns of tourism arrivals over a period of 17 years for 16 countries, many have conducted studies in the belief that they can somehow contribute in the explanation of this phenomenon. Seasonality in tourism represents a key topic in academic literature. Key concepts and policies an overview of tourism seasonality. In 1989, allcock defined seasonality in the context of tourism as. To challenge seasonality or to work within its constraints is a destination management issue that faces tourism planners throughout the world.
Furthermore, baron 1975 defined seasonality as the effects occurring every year due to climate status, constraints of public holidays, special attractions e. The most recent developments of research in this area are proposed as stimulus for discussion on the topic. Seasonality is a central problem for the sustainability of tourism in mass destinations. Seasonality in tourism international hellenic university. It also offers an overview of the measurements most widely used to assess seasonality in tourism and proposes a methodology suitable to observe changes of seasonal patterns, illustrated with an empirical example on city tourism destinations. Seasonal demand variations are shaped by natural and institutionalised factors baron, 1975. With this chapter we begin to study the supply side of the tourism sector by focusing on the economic rationale of firms supplying goods and services that are included in the matrix of the tourism product see sect. Baron 1975, who analyzed the seasonal patterns of tourism arrivals over a period of 17 years for 16 countries, many have conducted studies in. Help drive tourism during a conference on tourism bartleby. Baron 1975 pointed out the economic factors, such as the prices of services in different tourism seasons, which may contribute in the increase or decrease of the seasonal concentration of tourism activities. A guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making, a guide to the analysis of seasonality and trends for policy making, london. Seasonality has been recognised as one of the most typical characteristic of the touristry industry derived from the motion of people ensuing fluctuations in the demand bulter,1994. Pdf seasonality in tourism represents a key topic in academic literature.
Since the first study of baron 1975 about tourism seasonality, this. Among the main challenges for academic research are aspects related to its measurement and decomposition. For example, kozic 20 investigated the level of tourism seasonality in selected. Seasonality in the tourism industry v abstract seasonality is a concept that is well studied and documented in the tourism literature. Seasonality in tourism ihu repository international hellenic. Seasonality may be caused by various factors, such as weather, vacation, and holidays and consists of periodic, repetitive, and generally regular and predictable patterns in the levels of a time series. The seasonality in tourism refers to the variation in demand or business activity, as well as fluctuation in tourist and visitor numbers to a destination. A total waste of time individually if you want to transfer and are living somewhere else, then come to a decision what exactly you need to do when you go there travel and tourism was once used by folks working in travel marketers and the like this present day journey dealers are closing down as persons guide holidays most of the time online. It is an issue that is recognised particularly in regions of the extreme north or south where climate variation imposes directly on the management of tourism.
Sutcliffe and sinclair 1980 found that the gini index of arrivals increased by 45% between 1952 and 1975. The first definition of tourism seasonality was presented in 1975 by baron in his comprehensive work considering it as the yearly effects caused by changing in tourists numbers during the year. Snepenger, houser and snepenger 1990 reported on the seasonality faced by tourism businesses in alaska by examining the factors related to seasonal levels. Measuring seasonality of tourism demand in petra, jordan. Demand fluctuations, labour flexibility and productivity.
While efforts of destination marketers seeking to reduce seasonality effects have been documented, flognfeldt 2001 argued that tourism organizations must learn how to live. Seasonality causes the fluctuation in tourists and visitor numbers to a destination. This article proposes a novel way to decompose seasonality by multiplicative factors. Furthermore, baron 1975 defined seasonality as the effects 23 journal of business paradigms vol 4 no 1, 2019 occurring every year due to climate status. An important feature of tourism in the mediterranean basin is its strong seasonality. Most tourists travel during august and no less than 40% of all arrivals are registered in the peak months of july, august and september. Sport tourism as an attraction for managing seasonality. The purpose of the study1, rather than representing an exhaustive and complete.
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